Does Restrictions Influence Perceived Problem Solving...

Discussion The purpose of the present research was to investigate if restrictions influence perceived problem-solving abilities and if those who prefer less restriction would score significantly different on a problem solving inventory (PSI). The results of this study provided little support for the pre-experimental hypothesis. The current investigation utilized a standardized measure to increase validity. The aim of this study was the interrelatedness of perception and problem-solving ability. The PSI reliably measured perception of problem-solving ability. It may have had face validity, content validity, and criterion-related validity for this study, but it was not a valid indicator of other perceptional influences. Similar to†¦show more content†¦For example, in the first study children were asked to sort using one rule and then the other immediately after. One could infer that the children struggled with the constraints of the task and as opposed to performance. Zelezo and Frye (1998) did not distinguish the task guidelines as an imposed restriction. They noted that young children lack the ability to psychologically-distance themselves from the concepts for a larger perspective of context. According to Luria (as cited by Zelezo Frye), it had been a challenge to determine the reason for performance failure without a clear concept of the problem-solving framework in place. In the end, they decided to refocus their research efforts towards the influence perceptions of problem-solving ability had on executive function performance-tasks (Zelazo Frye). The current research was a product of that reasoning; it questioned the influence perception of restriction had on both, respectively. The survey exposed participants to an inventory of perception that was presumably less restrictive for responses juxtaposed to the PSI. The participants were asked to prefer the restricted response or open-response inventory. The open-response section was only used for grouping and responses were not used in the scoring process of this study. However, in retrospect, this too may not have been a valid measure to establish the preference of

Why Animal Cruelty is Horrible - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 584 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Cruelty To Animals Essay Did you like this example? Imagine you are being experimented on. Your skin burns, everything hurts and you have no way to stop it or to get help since you can’t speak. Imagine you are being tortured, starved, beaten, and many more unimaginable things by someone who was supposed to care for you and love you. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why Animal Cruelty is Horrible" essay for you Create order Unfortunately all these things happen to millions of animals each year in the form of animal cruelty. Animal cruelty can be defined as the crime of inflicting physical pain, suffering or death an animal. Animals live, breath and feel like we do, they have beating hearts like we do so what makes us better than them? I am Here today to make you all aware of how horrible and disgusting animal cruelty is and why it has to be stopped. I will be discussing the different types of animal cruelty, animal testing, and why animal cruelty has to be stopped. There are several different types of animal cruelty that many people don’t know about. When someone mentions animal cruelty most people’s minds go to starved animal left out in the cold but that’s just one type of abuse.Other types include things like forcing two animals to fight to the death. Those animals, usually dogs and roosters, die a very painful death and all for the entertainment of those horrible people. Animals are being slaughtered in the most horrible and painful was so that people could eat them. Statistics show that an estimated 12,570 animals are being treated cruelly every day in Australia alone. The statistics also show that a large number of the abusers are men under the age of 30. (Humanesociety.org) A lot of people in society don’t truly realise how serious of a problem animal testing is. Animal testing happens all over the world and some people are just encouraging it by buying products that were tested on animals. Do these people not realise that those animals are suffering on a daily basis due to animal testing. According to DoSomething.org more than 115 million of different species of animals are killed every year from the experiments that are being performed on them in a lab. Why are all these animals being tested on, murdered and yet we still haven’t done anything to ban this forever everywhere? Right now in this very moment there are millions of animals stuffed into tiny cages in labs all around the world, longing to be freed just dreading about the next painful procedure to be done on them. There are many reasons why animals cruelty has to be completely abolished. They can’t speak up for themselves that is why it’s our duty to speak for them and not allow them to be hurt any longer. We talk about equality a lot yet these animals aren’t treated with the equality that everything with a beating heart deserves. Animal cruelty is a horrible, nauseating crime and those people killing animals are really no different from murders. All these points that I have made such as the different types of animal cruelty, why animal testing is terrible, and why animal cruelty should be abolished completely makes you really think about how horrifying animal cruelty is. It makes you think a lot about the horrible lives these animals live while just waiting for their death. Animal cruelty is not something one person can change. It takes so many more people to help these poor defenseless creatures. Animal cruelty MUST be stopped!

Euthanasia, An Eloquent Word - 1217 Words

Euthanasia, an eloquent word with such a dark meaning. Some may have heard it, some may not. Euthanasia is defined as the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. Like other terms borrowed from history, euthanasia has had different meanings depending on usage. The first apparent usage of the term euthanasia belongs to the historian Suetonius, who described how the Emperor Augustus, dying quickly and without suffering in the arms of his wife, Livia, experienced the euthanasia he had wished for. The word euthanasia was first used in a medical context by Francis Bacon in the 17th century, to refer to an easy, painless, happy death, during which it was a physician s responsibility to†¦show more content†¦Those who are against euthanasia may argue for the sanctity of life, while proponents of euthanasia rights emphasize alleviating suffering, and preserving bodily integrity, self-determination, and personal autonomy. Euthanasia should be l egal because it is the patient’s right, and that is their decision, not ours. In Greece, the definition of euthanasia is â€Å"good death.† Studies show that 46% of physicians believe that in certain situations, voluntary euthanasia should be legal. Many will argue that euthanasia shortens the lives of people. Euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Colombia, India, Ireland, Luxembourg, Mexico, and Netherlands. In these nations, euthanasia is used for terminally ill people. This means they are going to die anyways. This will prevent them from the pain and suffering associated with their illness. As disturbing as it may sound, physician-assisted suicide saves people money. End-Of-Life care can cost about $39,000. This large amount of money can put some families into debt. Is the money you spend on the care really worth the pain and suffering your loved ones will endure? Several terminally ill patients will tell you they’d rather be dead than going through this type of care. It can improve the quality of your life. Most people fear the thought of death. Death can come at anytime, sometimes for unknown reasons. If I got to choose the way I wanted to die, it would be peaceful and surrounded by my family and friends. I Euthanasia, An Eloquent Word - 1217 Words Euthanasia, an eloquent word with such a dark meaning. Some may have heard it, some may not. Euthanasia is defined as the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. Like other terms borrowed from history, euthanasia has had different meanings depending on usage. The first apparent usage of the term euthanasia belongs to the historian Suetonius, who described how the Emperor Augustus, dying quickly and without suffering in the arms of his wife, Livia, experienced the euthanasia he had wished for. The word euthanasia was first used in a medical context by Francis Bacon in the 17th century, to refer to an easy, painless, happy death, during which it was a physician s responsibility to†¦show more content†¦Those who are against euthanasia may argue for the sanctity of life, while proponents of euthanasia rights emphasize alleviating suffering, and preserving bodily integrity, self-determination, and personal autonomy. Euthanasia should be l egal because it is the patient’s right, and that is their decision, not ours. In Greece, the definition of euthanasia is â€Å"good death.† Studies show that 46% of physicians believe that in certain situations, voluntary euthanasia should be legal. Many will argue that euthanasia shortens the lives of people. Euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Colombia, India, Ireland, Luxembourg, Mexico, and Netherlands. In these nations, euthanasia is used for terminally ill people. This means they are going to die anyways. This will prevent them from the pain and suffering associated with their illness. As disturbing as it may sound, physician-assisted suicide saves people money. End-Of-Life care can cost about $39,000. This large amount of money can put some families into debt. Is the money you spend on the care really worth the pain and suffering your loved ones will endure? Several terminally ill patients will tell you they’d rather be dead than going through this type of care. It can improve the quality of your life. Most people fear the thought of death. Death can come at anytime, sometimes for unknown reasons. If I got to choose the way I wanted to die, it would be peaceful and surrounded by my family and friends. I

Definition Of Proper Time Management - 990 Words

â€Å"Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines, practiced every day†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Jim Rohn. Successful college students will need to follow a few simple self-disciplines day in and day. But what might those disciplines be? Do a simple Google search on â€Å"how to be successful† and one will find a substantial amount of websites with list after list and idea after idea on this topic. But it really isn’t that difficult. If college students are able to exercise proper time management, poses a strong desire to do well, and apply determination they will find themselves completing college successfully. I once heard someone say â€Å"if you are early you are on time, if you are on time you are late, and if you are late don’t bother†. This statement is a prime example of proper time management. Students that have already taken a college class or two know of those students that are lacking in the time management department. They are the ones that are repeatedly coming to class late, taking longer breaks than the Professor indicated, and are the ones that tend to leave class early. Why are they even bothering with this class? In those ten or fifteen minutes that they are late they have already missed vital information required for the class. They have disrupted other students that showed up on time. I understand that the older one gets the greater his or her responsibilities are (i.e. work, kids, etc.) but it is still important to plan accordingly. Proper timeShow MoreRelatedThe Relationships Between Scope Definition and Time Management1358 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCOPE DEFINITION AND TIME The Relationships Between Scope Definition and Time Management The relationships between scope definition and time management have as many similarities as they do differences. Scope definition basically, is knowing exactly what needs to be accomplished. 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This paper divulges the complex nature of project management arising from role allocation. As shall be showcased, the uncertainty of projects emerging from a myriad of factors can lead to a project shutdown. This paper, however, suggests that proper planning leads to appropriate delegation, which in turn leads to a successful project completion. 2.0 Project Management Overview In orderRead MoreStakeholder Theory Vs. Stakeholder Thinking1160 Words   |  5 PagesStakeholder theory and definition Stakeholder is defined as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives† (Freeman 1984). Stakeholder theory, when introduced in the 1980s, signify a major change in how relationships within a business might coexist and benefit one another. The concept of â€Å"Stakeholder theory† or â€Å"stakeholder thinking† is about identifying groups who are stakeholder in a corporation and manage them. It states that organizations

Position Of Male Teachers In Our Education System Education Essay Free Essays

string(61) " the presence of male instructors in the instruction system\." In peculiar, the categorization of the art of learning as adult females work has truly hurt the place of male instructors in our instruction system and maintain them out of the field. However, â€Å" Recuperative Maleness Politics † introduces conveying back maleness in order to battle current stereotypes. The term refers to the fact that males must be present in the schoolroom at the simple degree in order to cover with the current feminisation of the field ( p. We will write a custom essay sample on Position Of Male Teachers In Our Education System Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 192 ) . Most immature kids develop and larn through detecting the actions and words of those around them and research has shown that a male function theoretical account is indispensable in the school system. Male simple instructors can be important function theoretical accounts for their pupils. â€Å" Harmonizing to a Norms and Values Report 2011 commissioned by the Ministry of Social Development in Trinidad, and done by the ANSA McAL Psychological Research Centre, 69 per cent of adult females said they had kids, as compared to 53 per cent of work forces † ( Baldeosingh 2011 ) .This underlines the fact that some kids may non hold a solid male figure to emulate. Children need such important positive function theoretical accounts to help in learning them the norms and values needed in society and to make full a male parent function for the six hr twenty-four hours that they spend together. They need to interact with male instructors when they are immature and turning emotionally. â€Å" Children need male function theoretical accounts between the ages of seven and thirteen to assist them turn and place themselves. † ( Erickson, 1950, 1968 ) .A As such it is believed that mal e figures in our school system are required to steer, protect, enhance and influence pupils in a positive and resourceful mode so that they can go successful immature grownups. The factors that have encouraged the enlisting of more male instructors surfaced from the diverse learning manners between male and female instructors. Emphasis is placed on the instructor ‘s position on internal and external methods of control and how wit and freedom tantrums in to it ( Kesici, 2008 ) . For illustration, male instructors are frequently humourous and encourage freedom of address and appropriate behaviour in comparing to female instructors. They normally tell gags, and integrate play and treatments in the schoolroom which make the pupils laugh bring forthing a higher degree of involvement in the topic being taught. â€Å" The impression that instructors ‘ schoolroom behaviour and interaction with students may be predicted on the footing of their gender underpins recent controversial runs to enroll more male instructors † ( Francis 2008 ) . â€Å" Male instructors are more likely than female instructors to esteem and provide to kids ‘s ‘ involvement and demands, such as for more rambunctious drama † ( Farquhar, 1997 ) . Robinson ( 1988 ) adds nevertheless, that there is small fluctuation the work that male and female instructors really do, but they tend to be different in their interactions. Teachers should take into history the assorted demands of each pupil and make a balanced instruction and acquisition environment where kids are allowed to develop holistically. Mac Donald ( 2007 ) suggested that immature male childs have been affected by the diminution in male instructors in their developmental old ages ( considered to be preschool age 2 to 12 old ages ) . Furthermore he states that male childs are able to derive more than merely academic accomplishment from male instructors, but they besides act as function theoretical accounts of manhood and maleness. This has lead to the thought of â€Å" ‘Gender Match ‘ which can be defined as the premise that kids learn at a faster rate when being taught by those of the same sex † ( Sokal A ; Katz, 2008 ) . Staff ( 2008 ) quoted Dr. Tanya Byron, a clinical psychologist and broadcaster, by stating: â€Å" Male primary school instructors can frequently be stable and dependable figures in the lives of the kids that they teach. They inspire kids to experience more confident, to work harder and to act better. † Simply put boys learn more when they are instructed by male instructor s. Not merely do work forces hold a positive impact on academic accomplishment in male childs but they are besides indispensable in portraying and patterning maleness and manhood ( MacDonald, 2007 ) . Additionally, Holland ( 1996 ) suggests that one of the major issues environing academic failure in immature male childs is the fact that they are surrounded by preponderantly female instructors, therefore it is ingrained in their mind that school work is something for misss to make. They seldom see males in their environment prosecuting in academic activity and hence there is struggle with their maleness. Boys respond more positively and efficaciously to correction given by male instructors as opposed to female instructors. One might reason that this might be strictly incidental. However, unless a female instructor exhibits masculine authorization manners or inordinate force, they appear to accomplish minimum or ephemeral consequences when covering with particularly riotous and delinquent male childs ( Francis 2008 ) . Due to this, boys are by and large disengaged from academic activities because most of the female instructors merely do non hold the capacity, desire or energy to cover with them. Clark ( 2009 ) points out that: â€Å" Research conducted by the Training and Development Agency for Schools ( TDA ) claimed that male childs taught by adult females are more likely to interrupt lessons and neglect their surveies. Fifty-one per cent of male childs in primary schools said they would be more obedient in category if taught by a adult male and 42 per cent said they would work harder. † One statement may be that the primary important figures in the lives of immature male childs who have become a threat in some of our schools are preponderantly female instructors and/or individual female parents, aunties or grandmas. This could bespeak that even with the best attempts and purposes, immature male childs seem to be unaffected of perturbed by these influential adult females in their lives. There are a figure of statements for and against the presence of male instructors in the instruction system. You read "Position Of Male Teachers In Our Education System Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Though, research has suggested that a balance of male and female instructors in the school system is desirable for kids. More over sense of ego regard, unity, ego assurance is fostered when a kid has a masculine function theoretical account he/she looks up to pattern and interact with. Therefore, the relevant disposal should pull, recruit and retain male instructors. This research paper has clearly shown that the inclusion and enlargement of the figure of male instructors in the school system will positively act upon, create, mold and bring forth better all rounded pupils particularly with regard to immature male pupils. While driving on a main road, one may detect a big hoarding demoing a male parent learning his kid to sit a motorcycle, an activity which is seen by society which males prefer, instead than females for diversion. Soon, there are strong group differences between males and females, haltering success to alter structural inequalities between work forces and adult females in employment and the place ( Cox, 1987 ) . A recent study conducted by the National Education Association ( NEA ) , reported that work forces accounted for less than one-quarter of all instructors. Additionally, it revealed that a good balance between male and female instructors in an instruction installation AIDSs in a better acquisition environment. Although male instructors may sometimes miss gradualness and contemplation, they make up for it in enthusiasm, wit, and earnestness. Enrolling more male instructors will therefore profit the instruction system given that they are merely as effectual and efficient as female s at instructors or even better. One statement against aiming work forces for instruction is that gender is irrelevant, as adult females are rather capable of executing typical male activities with kids such as kicking a football. However, without male instructors kids will go on to keep the stereotyped position that instruction is a female business. A staff consisting of both male and female instructors is better able to back up equal chances for both male childs and misss, and to make environments that respect every person ( Coulter A ; McNay, 1993 ) . Martino ( 2008 ) provinces: â€Å" In peculiar, the categorization of the art of instruction as â€Å" adult females ‘s work † has truly hurt the place of male instructors in our instruction system and maintain them out of the field. However, â€Å" Recuperative Maleness Politics † introduces conveying back maleness in order to battle current stereotypes. The term refers to the fact that males must be present in the schoolroom at the simple degree in order to cover with the current feminisation of the field † ( p. 192 ) . Most immature kids develop and larn through detecting the actions and words of those around them and research has shown that a male function theoretical account is indispensable in the school system. â€Å" Harmonizing to a Norms and Values Report 2011 commissioned by the Ministry of Social Development in Trinidad, and done by the ANSA McAL Psychological Research Centre, 69 per cent of adult females said they had kids, as compared to 53 per cent of work forces † ( Baldeosingh 2011 ) .This underlines the fact that some kids may non hold a solid male figure to emulate. Children need a important and positive function theoretical account to help in learning them the norms and values needed in society every bit good as to make full a male parent function for the six hr twenty-four hours that they spend together, a undertaking which female instructors can non carry through. They need to interact with male instructors when they are immature and turning emotionally. â€Å" Children need male function theoretical accounts between the ages of seven and thirteen to assist them turn and place themselves. † ( Erickson, 1950 ) .A As such, it is believed that male figures in our s chool system are required to steer, protect, enhance and influence pupils in a positive and resourceful mode so that they can go successful immature grownups. The factors that have encouraged the enlisting of more male instructors surfaced from the diverse learning manners between male and female instructors. Emphasis is placed on the instructor ‘s position on internal and external methods of control and how wit and freedom tantrums in to it ( Kesici, 2008 ) . For illustration, male instructors are frequently humourous and encourage freedom of address and appropriate behaviour in comparing to female instructors. They normally tell gags, and integrate play and treatments in the schoolroom which make the pupils laugh bring forthing a higher degree of involvement in the topic being taught. â€Å" The impression that instructors ‘ schoolroom behaviour and interaction with students may be predicted on the footing of their gender underpins recent controversial runs to enroll more male instructors † ( Francis 2008 ) . â€Å" Male instructors are more likely than female instructors to esteem and provide to kids ‘s ‘ involvement and demands, such as for more rambunctious drama † ( Farquhar, 1997 ) . Robinson ( 1988 ) adds nevertheless, that while there is small fluctuation in the work that male and female instructors really do, they tend to be different in their interactions. Male and female instruction manners take into history the assorted demands of each pupil and make a balanced instruction and acquisition environment where kids are allowed to develop holistically. Mac Donald ( 2007 ) suggested that due to the diminution in male instructors, the developmental old ages of male childs ( considered to be from two to twelve old ages ) have been affected soberly. Furthermore, he explained that boys gain more than merely academic accomplishment from male instructors, as they besides act as function theoretical accounts of manhood and maleness. This has lead to the thought of â€Å" ‘Gender Match ‘ which can be defined as the premise that kids learn at a faster rate when being taught by those of the same sex † ( Sokal A ; Katz, 2008 ) . Staff ( 2008 ) quoted Dr. Tanya Byron, a clinical psychologist and broadcaster, by stating: â€Å" Male primary school instructors can frequently be stable and dependable figures in the lives of the kids that they teach. They inspire kids to experience more confident, to work harder and to act better. † As a effect, boys learn at a faster rate when they are educated by male instead than femal e instructors. Additionally, Holland ( 1996 ) suggests that a cardinal issue environing academic failure in male child is the fact that they are surrounded chiefly by female instructors ; for that ground it is embedded in their mind that â€Å" school work † is to some extent for misss to make. They seldom observe males in their environment prosecuting in academic activity ; hence, struggle with their maleness arises. Boys respond more positively and efficaciously to rectification and subject imposed by male instructors as opposed to female instructors. It is argued that this might be merely incidental. However, if a female instructor does non exhibit certain masculine authorization manners or utmost energy, they seem to accomplish minimum or short-run consequences when covering with peculiarly disorderly and delinquent male childs ( Francis 2008 ) . Therefore, male childs tend to be by and large disconnected from academe due to the fact that most female instructors do non hold the competency, will or energy to cover with their exuberance behaviour. Clark ( 2009 ) points out that: â€Å" Research conducted by the Training and Development Agency for Schools ( TDA ) claimed that male childs taught by adult females are more likely to interrupt lessons and neglect their surveies. Fifty-one per cent of male childs in primary schools said they would be more obedient in category if taught by a adult male and 42 per cent said they would work harder. † It is argued that the prevailing important figures present in the lives of immature male childs who have developed into a nuisance in schools are chiefly female instructors and/or individual female parents, grandmas or aunties. This perchance will bespeak that even with a combination of difficult work and good purposes, immature male childs seem to be imperviable of these influential adult females in their lives. There are a figure of statements for and against the presence of male instructors in the instruction system. Research has suggested that a balance of male and female instructors in the school system is desirable for kids. More over a sense of dignity, morality and ego assurance is encouraged when a kid has a masculine function theoretical account he/she looks up to pattern and interact with. Therefore, the relevant disposal should pull, recruit and retain male instructors. The inclusion and enlargement of the figure of male instructors in the school system will positively act upon, create, mold and bring forth better all rounded pupils particularly with regard to immature male pupils. How to cite Position Of Male Teachers In Our Education System Education Essay, Essay examples

Economic Growth in Australia

Question: Write an essay about the economic growth in Australia. Answer: Introduction The economic growth in Australia is uninterrupted for the last 25 years (Austrade.gov.au 2016). The country has witnessed tremendous economic growth in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP) and other parameters (Salahuddin et al. 2015). Australia is the worlds 12th largest economy and demonstrates high levels of productivity (Austrade.gov.au 2016). The country is known for the largest pool of funds. The country is an important contributor to essential sectors like education, agribusiness, mining, tourism, wealth management and others, which are the major drivers of global growth (Austrade.gov.au 2016). The GDP growth of the country is predicted to be 2.9% (approx) in between 2016 and 2020 (Austrade.gov.au 2016). The country witnessed a 3.3 % growth in GDP per annum in between 1992 and 2015 (Austrade.gov.au 2016). This paper explores the economic growth of Australia during the last 5 years. The paper also describes the positive as well as negative effects of the economic growth on Australia. Discussion The increase in the market value of various goods as well as services produced by a particular economy over a certain period of time is known as economic growth (Hatfield-Dodds et al. 2015). The economic growth is measured in terms of gross domestic product or GDP. The growth of the GDP per capita or the per capita income is an important measure of the economic growth of a country. The economy is said to grow rapidly when the increase in the growth is caused by efficient utilization of the raw materials like physical capital, labor, materials, energy and others (Wiedmann et al. 2015). In the world of economics, the economic growth refers to the degree of the growth of the potential output. The highest production at the level of full employment is essential. The growth is usually calculated in terms of real variables like inflation adjusted terms (Rba.gov.au 2016). This is done in order to reduce the distorting outcome of inflation on the cost of the goods that are produced. The natio nal income accounting methods are used for the measurement of economic growth (Rba.gov.au 2016). The per capita GDP growth is calculated based on factors such as labor productivity, intensity of work, number of hours worked, participation rate of the workers and the demographical factors (Rba.gov.au 2016). The Australian economy is one of the most growth oriented economy of the world (Law and Singh 2014). The economy has displayed tremendous positive performance in the last twenty years. Australia is proud to be one of the worlds most developed progressive economies. The economic growth of the Australian economy can be dated back to early 1990 (Rba.gov.au 2016). There is not any single country in the world, which has enjoyed uninterrupted growth over a span of twenty years (Rba.gov.au 2016). This extended period of economic growth is rare even in the case of most developed countries. The Australian economy can be seen to be dominated by the services industry and the degree of economic success can be measured by the abundance of mineral and agricultural resources (Law and Singh 2014) . The natural wealth of the Australia is the basis for the export of primary products. The GDP of Australia increased by 1.1 percent in the first quarter of 2016 (Rba.gov.au 2016). The consumption expenditure increased by 0.7 percent, which contributed 0.5 percent to the growth of GDP. The household spending increased by 0.7 percent and the government expenditure increased by 0.9 percent in the first quarter of 2016 (Rba.gov.au 2016). The exports of goods increased by 4.4 percent and the net exports contributed around 1.1 percent to the GDP growth in the first quarter of the financial year of 2016 (Rba.gov.au 2016). Fig: Economic growth of Australia over the years Source: (Rba.gov.au 2016) The above graph shows the rising nature of the GDP of Australia over the years. It shows that the growth has been steady and constant over the years. The overall growth in GDP was 0.5 percent in the year 2013 (Rba.gov.au 2016). The GDP growth rose to 0.9 percent in the year 2014. The year 2015 witnessed an annual growth of 0.8 percent in the first quarter (Rba.gov.au 2016). It witnessed a tremendous growth of 1 percent during the last quarter of the financial year 2015 (Rba.gov.au 2016). The graph has been continuously rising high, which showcases the persistent high economic growth of the country. The first quarter of 2016 demonstrated a GDP growth of 1.1 percent and it is expected that the GDP growth would break all the earlier records within the end of the financial year 2016 (Rba.gov.au 2016). The last financial year, 2015, showed spectacular performance of the GDP in the Australian markets (Rba.gov.au 2016). A lot of factors contributed to the high GDP growth of the Australian economy. The factors included final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital, net exports, public investment and others. There were certain industries that contributed the highest contributions in the growth of GDP (Rba.gov.au 2016). The industries of agriculture, fishing and forestry contributed the highest contributions in the GDP growth of the nation (Rba.gov.au 2016). There were increased livestock production, mining, gas extraction, coal mining, telecommunication services, real estate services, arts and recreation services and others, which created an excellent impact on the growth of GDP (Ivanova 2014). The largest contributions to the GDP growth was from the financial, mining, insurance, public administration, constructions, social assistance and healthcare services (Downes Hanslow and Tu lip 2014). There are many factors that contributed to this stupendous economic growth. One of the most important factors for the economic growth is the increased flexibility of the Australian economy. The Australian economy has displayed a high degree of flexibility in the last twenty years. This has led to increased resilience to the various types of external shocks that was faced by the country (Adger and Hodbod 2014). There were different types of crisis like the collapse of the dot-com phenomenon, Asian crisis, collapse of the US credit bubble and others (Rba.gov.au 2016). The flexibility of the Australian economy can be attributed to the floating nature of the exchange rate (Plumb Kent and Bishop 2013). The rising and falling nature of the Australian dollar has played a pivotal role in the response to different kinds of external events. In the absence of such controlling mechanisms, there were possibilities of destabilization of the domestic economy (Plumb Kent and Bishop 2013). The Austra lian dollar helped in insulating the domestic economical effects of Australia, especially during the times of dot com bubble and the Asian crisis. The role of the exchange rates in the process of stabilization of the economy can be observed in the recent years also (Towbin and Weber 2013). During the period of 2006-2008, the value of Australian dollar rose sharply in order to combat the issue of rising commodity prices (Garton Gaudry and Wilcox 2012). The economic reform of the floating the exchange rates was one of the most powerful decisions made by the Australian government (Towbin and Weber 2013). There were other economic reforms too, which contributed to the rising economic growth of the country. A wide variety of reforms in the industry and competition policy, which was implemented across several years, resulted in the competitive nature of the business sector (Towbin and Weber 2013). The labor market reforms resulted in the increased flexibility of the labor market to respond to the ever changing economic conditions (Boeri and Van Ours 2013). This regulates the phenomenon of unemployment or any other unsustainable forces (Sonin 2013.). The Australian government took active steps in the reform of the financial systems, which helped in fulfilling the financing requirements of the economy (Ellis Haldane and Moshirian 2014). This also benefitted the Australian economy to attract more number of foreign investors. The bunch of economic reforms contributed to increased productivity of Australia. The economic reforms resulted in the increased business investments as there has been increased number of labors, increased capital and increased level of production. The below graph displays the business investments as a percent of GDP in the Australian economy. Fig: Business Investments in Australia Source: (Rba.gov.au 2016) The disciplined and consistent economic policies made by the Australian Government contributed to the excellent economic growth of the country. The economic policies have prevented the formation of imbalances (Groenewegen and McFarlane 2014). The government finances or budget structures were constantly improved in the last twenty years. This resulted in the sharp reduction of the government debt, which resulted in Australia becoming one of the best developed countries with respect to the government finances Groenewegen and McFarlane 2014). The monetary policy helped the economy to keep a stable environment by maintaining low inflation levels (Smets 2013). The below graph gives an idea of the consumer price inflation, which is an important determinant of the economic growth. Fig: Consumer Price Inflation in Australia Source: (Rba.gov.au 2016) There are several positive effects of higher economic growth on the society (Lewis 2013). It allows the citizens to enjoy greater standards of living and hence there are creations of number of job opportunities. The records show that since 1991, there has been creation of 3.5 million new job opportunities (Rba.gov.au 2016). The income per household has also increased as a result of improved economic growth (Lewis 2013). The below graph shows the rising curve of the employment and the second graph shows the rising household income of the people of Australia (Rba.gov.au 2016). Fig: Rising employment in Australia Source: (Rba.gov.au 2016) Fig: Rising household income in Australia Source: (Rba.gov.au 2016) The higher economic growth implies that the citizens of the country enjoy higher average incomes. This helps the consumers to purchase more goods as well as services. This also enables the people of Australia to enjoy higher standards of living. The country has also seen a dip in the unemployment ratios, which is an important effect of higher economy growth (Lewis 2013). It means that the country is able to produce sufficient jobs for the youths and the working population. The higher economic growth means that there are higher tax revenues. It implies that the country needs not to spend more amounts of finances on unemployment benefits and opportunities for the unemployed (Lewis 2013). As a result of this, there is a decrease in the government borrowing. The higher economic growth plays a major role in the reduction of debts to the GDP. The improved public services are a result of the improved economic growth. The government is able to spend more on the public services such as educat ion, national highways and others. The improved economic growth leads to the government spend more on the protection of the environment (Lewis 2013). The government can allocate more resources to do more recycling and the increased use of the renewable sources of energy. The higher economic growth enables investment in a number of industries and sectors, which in turn fills the vicious circle of the economic growth (Lewis 2013). The higher economic growth causes a reduction in the poverty. The government is able to implement improved technology and infrastructure services (Lewis 2013). The government is also able to spend considerable amount of finances in the healthcare sector. There are improvements in the social scenario as a result of the improved economic growth. There are negative effects of the economic growth also. The term creative description is used by the experts to denote the bad effects of the economic growth (Uy Yi and Zhang 2013). It signifies that the higher economic growth can lead to the destruction of the old economic structure. This implies that the productive relationships can be destroyed by the economic growth. The economic growth also leads to a shift in the structure of production (Uy Yi and Zhang 2013). There can be decline in the employment patterns in the agriculture and manufacturing industries (Uy Yi and Zhang 2013). There is also a creation of the national social tension as a result of the widespread structural transformation. There may also be destruction of the relationships between the key entities (Uy Yi and Zhang 2013). There can be new challenges in the healthcare domain also. The health systems are facing complex challenges of ageing population, greater use of new technologies and the increased occurrence of chronic illness (Rba.gov.au 2016). The life expectancy of the people is increasing and hence the effect of increased economic growth is hampered. The increased economic growth may lead to increase in the income inequality in the country. There is inequal distribution of income in the country (Cingano 2014). There can be two extreme classes in the society namely the richest and the poorest. The middle class or the average income holder may get extinct. The income inequality has an adverse effect on the countrys economic and social well being. The various bad effects of the income inequality are economic inefficiency, unfairness to some sections of the society and the underestimation of social stability. The increase in the income inequality leads to reduction in the borrowing of finances (Cingano 2014). This implies that the low income persons are unab le to afford the education of their children, start their personal business or save for their future. The high inequality encourages an increased rent seeking behavior, which diverts vital resources from thee productive purposes. The increased economic growth has led to increased pollution and negative consequences on the environment (Rba.gov.au 2016). The increased economic growth means there is increased spending by the individuals. The increased spending by the individuals implies that there is alarming degradation of the natural resources like water, air and land. There are also phenomenons like air pollution, exposure to toxic chemicals, developing waterborne diseases and others, which are after effects of the higher economic growth. The increased pollution levels leads to greater environmental damage, which increases the probability of natural disasters. Conclusion The economic growth is a vital parameter for assessing the progress of the nation. The gross domestic product is an important measure of the countrys growth potential. Australia has witnessed enormous growth in the last twenty five years. The country is considered as the most progressive nation in the world in terms of economic growth. The Australian economy has displayed positive economic growth over the past twenty years. The country has several factors, which has contributed to the great economic growth. This paper showcases several charts and graphs, which witnesses the rising economic growth of Australia over the past five years. The Australian economy formulated several policies, which proved to be beneficial for the economy. The positive effects of the higher economic growth are discussed in this paper. There are also negative effects of the economic growth, which casts negative consequence on the society. The economic growth is a measure of the overall standard of living of t he people of an economy. It also gives an idea of the government income and expenditure. This paper is aimed at broadening the knowledge base regarding the economic growth of the Australian economy over the last five years. It also gives an idea of the positive and negative effects of economic growth in Australia. References Adger, W.N. and Hodbod, J., 2014. 6 Ecological and social resilience.Handbook of sustainable development, p.91. Austrade.gov.au. (2016).Austrade, Australian Government - Austrade. Boeri, T. and Van Ours, J., 2013.The economics of imperfect labor markets. Princeton University Press. Cingano, F., 2014. 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